various converts to the Church, many of whom were disturbed at the apathy, indifference, conformism, and lack of apostolic zeal and ardor evident in the lives of all too many Catholics. The appearance of a liturgical movement among American Catholics (in addition to a renewed interest in biblical and theological scholarship, as well as in Thomistic philosophy) also indicated the existence of further efforts to bring a greater understanding of liturgy to the people, some of whom were ill-instructed